Denmark, officially the Kingdom of Denmark, as it is known, is a state in the Scandinavian region of Northern Europe. The estimated population is around ,5,580,413. The national language is Danish [1]. Denmark has one of the world’s highest per capita income. For 2013, Denmark is listed 15th on the Human Development Index.Danish engineers are world-leading in providing diabetes care equipment and medication products [1]. The most famous medical eponyms linked to Denmark are The Bartholin glands and Hirschsprung disease. The Bartholin glands are two glands located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina They were first described in 1677, by the Danish anatomist Caspar Bartholin the Younger (1655–1738) [2]. Some sources mistakenly ascribe their discovery to his grandfather, theologian and anatomist Caspar Bartholin the Elder (1585–1629). Gaspard Bartholin had the good fortune during his stay in Paris to meet Joseph Guichard du Verney, a French anatomist who had discovered the glandula vestibuloris major. Back in Copenhagen he was appointed professor of anatomy. At the age of 21, he described the physiology of the glandula vestibuloris major, later known as Batholin’s gland. Ennobled, laden with honours, he was later appointed personal physician to the king of Denmark until his death in 1738 [2]. Hirschsprung disease is a developmental disorder of the enteric nervous system and is characterized by an absence of ganglion cells in the distal colon resulting in a functional obstruction. The first report of Hirschsprung disease dates back to 1691, however, the disease is named after Harald Hirschsprung (1830- 1916), the Danish physician who first described two infants who died of this disorder in 1888 [3]. In Table I [4-9], we highlighted on selected eponyms in dermatology literature, linked to Denmark.

Germany officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is of the European conuntries. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state in the European Union. It is one of the major political and economic powers of the European continent and a historic leader in many theoretical and technical fields [1]. The country has developed a very high standard of living and features a comprehensive system of social security, which includes the world’s oldest universal health care system [1]. Germany has been the home of many influential philosophers, scientists and inventors, and is known for its rich cultural and political history. Germany’s achievements in the sciences have been significant, and research and development efforts form an integral part of the economy. The Nobel Prizehas been awarded to 103 German laureates. For most of the 20th century, German laureates had more awards than those of any other nation, especially in the sciences (physics, chemistry, and physiology or medicine) [1]. There are many old and new eponyms in dermatology, which originated from Germany. One may easily find several dermatological conditions attached eponymously, to a single scientist from Germany [2]. Also of note, one may find physicians from Germany for whom an eponyms were linked, who were practiced outside Germany. For example, Theresa Kindler to whom Kindler syndrome was named, after her original British Journal of Dermatology publication in 1954, was a German paediatrician who spent time working in the UK. In Table I [2-14], we highlighted on some examples of eponyms in dermatology literature linked to Germany.

Austria is one of the European countries with roughly 8.47 million people [1]. Its official language is German. It is one of the richest countries in the world. The country has developed a high standard of living and in 2011 was ranked 19th in the world for its Human Development Index [1]. Austria was the cradle of numerous scientists with international reputation. It was, and still, the birthplace of many excellent dermatologists. Several eponyms, in dermatology literature are linked to Austria. In Table 1 [2-10], we are giving some examples of eponyms, in dermatology literature linked to Austria.

France officially the French Republic France is the largest country in Western Europe and the third-largest in Europe as a whole [1]. It possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world. It has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military, and political influence in Europe and around the world. Its estimated current population is around 65,350,000 . The French healthcare system was ranked first worldwide by the World Health Organization in 1997 and then again in 2000. Care is generally free for people affected by chronic diseases [1]. Many eponyms we use them currently, in our dermatology practice, originated from France. For example, Schnitzler’s syndrome which is characterized by recurrent urticarial rash and monoclonal gammopathy is named after the French dermatologist L. Schnitzler (Fig. 1) who first described this syndrome in 1972. As a matter of fact one my need to write a book if he or she wish to discuss French dermatological eponyms in details. However, in this communication, we meant to shed some lights only, on some examples of French dermatological eponyms, which we summarized it in Table I

Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic is a country in Southeast Europe. According to the 2011 census, Greece’s population is around 11 million. Athens is the nation’s capital and largest city. The official language is Greek [1]. There are several medical eponyms linked to Greece. In Table I [2-12], we highlighted on selected eponyms in the dermatology literature, linked to Greece.

Poland officially the republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38.5 million people [1]. Polish is the official language. It is becoming an interesting location for research and development investments [1]. Many scientists and researchers originated from Poland. However, in the 19th and 20th centuries many Polish scientists worked abroad; one of the greatest of these exiles was Maria Skłodowska-Curie (1867-1934), (Fig. 1), a physicist and chemist who lived much of her life in France [1]. Marie Curie or Madame Curie, was a Polish physicist and chemist, working mainly in France [1], who is famous for her pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the only woman to win in two fields, and the only person to win in multiple sciences. There are, also great contribution, made to dermatology from Poland [2]. Neverthless, not all of those contributions credited as eponyms. Just as example, Jadwiga Schwann was a dermatologist from Poland [3]. Among her contributions to dermatology, she is credited for describing a syndrome, in German and Polish languagues. This syndrome appeared latter in English literature by Robert S. Bart (Dermatologist) and Robert E. Pumphrey (Otolaryngologist); both from USA, and so the syndrome was then known as Bart – Pumphrey syndrome. Schwann syndrome is cited in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, as knuckle pads, leukonychia, and sensorineural deafness. It is characterized by knuckle pads, leukonychia, palmoplanter keratoderma (PPK) and sensorineural deafness [3]. In Table I [4-10], we highlighted on selected eponyms, in dermatology literature, linked to Poland.

Italy is one of the largest European countries. With 60.8 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe [1]. It has been ranked as the world’s 25th most-developed country and it Quality-of-life Index was ranked in the world’s top ten in 2005. Italy enjoys a very high standard of living and has a high public education level [1]. It ranks as having the world’s 2nd best healthcare system, and the world’s 3rd best healthcare performance. Italy had the 12th highest worldwide life expectancy in 2010 [1]. Many of the important dermatology educational resources and periodicals are based in Italy. In Table I [2-16], we listed selected eponyms in dermatology literature linked to Italy.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) and Britain, is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The United Kingdom is a developed country and remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally [1]. England and Scotland were leading centres of the Scientific Revolution from the 17th century and the United Kingdom led the Industrial Revolution from the 18th century, and has continued to produce scientists and engineers credited with important advances [1]. There are several eponyms in dermatology literature, which are linked to United Kingdom. In Table I [2-14], we highlighted on some examples of eponyms in dermatology literature, linked to United Kingdom.

The Czech Republic is alandlocked country in Central Europe with estimated population of 10,513,209. It is ranked as the third most peaceful country in Europe and most democratic and healthy (by infant mortality) country in the region [1]. Its official language Czech. It became a member of the European Union in 2004 [1]. There are many medical eponyms originated from Czech Republic [2]. In Table I [3-16], we highlighted on selected eponyms, in dermatology literature linked to Czech Republic.

The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of twelve provinces in North-West Europe and three islands in the Caribbean. The Netherlands has an estimated population of 16,778,806 (as of 31 January 2013). The official language is Dutch, which is spoken by the vast majority of the inhabitants. In May 2011, the Netherlands was ranked as the „happiest” country according to results published by the The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It is, also, one of the world’s 10 leading exporting countries [1]. There are many medical eponyms originated from Netherlands. The famous website, who named it, listed more than 45 medical eponyms linked to Netherlands. In Table I [2-11], we listed highlighted on selected eponyms, in dermatology literature linked to Netherlands.